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Here are two classic combat ads, one on the attack and one on defense. Both are extremely good at presenting their intended arguments, yet note that, despite realizing their intent in the narrow, neither was part of the winning campaign. The first was a bombshell lobbed by the campaign of Republican Bob Dole in his attack on Democrat Bill Clinton in 1996, surely one of the great character attacks of the television era. Voters agreed with its overall judgment, but ultimately viewed other issues as more consequential.

The second piece is an excellent response to an issue attack, from the campaign of Republican George Bush Sr. against Democrat Bill Clinton in 1992. Bush was under attack on the economic dimension for the dire state of the national economy, so the piece attempts to shift the campaign focus by linking economics with foreign affairs, an area where the incumbent president was viewed much more positively.

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