Johnson, 1964 - "Civil Rights"
"Hugely forceful political argument, but never actually used"
3. Stevenson, 1952 - "Gab, Gab, Gab"
"One of the greatest social-welfare arguments in the television era"
1. Johnson, 1964 - "Daisy Girl"
"Hugely controversial in its time and intermittently imitated thereafter"

In recent years, it has become possible to study campaign advertising in a highly systematic fashion—thanks most centrally to the Wisconsin Advertising Project, and the data produced by it. We can now know which political ads aired where, for how long, and with what content. The analytic prospects which follow from this knowledge are a major theme in the rest of this website.

Yet serious televised campaign advertising does of course predate that Project. More to the analytic point, most of the themes and strategies that can be studied more systematically in the modern world were pioneered—and prefigured—in an earlier day. In our time, we can study them much more systematically. Yet what we study is largely an adaptation of approaches that were already institutionalized before modern data collection arrived.

The pieces that follow are evidence of this. They are chosen to represent particular approaches: domestic and foreign issues, attack and defense modes, incumbent and challenger perspectives, emphases on research and on atmospherics. The postwar years have provided numerous alternative examples for each of these approaches, and this site will be adding many more over time. For now, these are one man’s selection of particularly revealing pieces, ranked crudely and subjectively for their success—their force—in accomplishing their individual objectives.

The ads featured below come from a collection of over a thousand that has been put together by Professor Byron Shafer. Professor Shafer's commentaries are included with each ad. Downloadable versions of each ad are featured in high and low quality RealPlayer formats. The storyboards shown can be saved or printed on a single page.

Carter, 1976 - "The American People"
"Carter used this post-Watergate spot to call for leadership 'as good and true as the American people' "
2. Reagan, 1984 - "The Bear"
"Remarkably forceful while remaining almost entirely metaphorical"
4. Nixon, 1968 - "Our Leaders Have Failed Us"
"Perhaps the single best piece for conveying the sense of social upheaval associated with the late 1960s"
5. Dole, 1996 - "Schools"
"One of the great character attacks of the television era"
5. Bush, 1992 - "Economic Superpower"
"This piece attempted to shift the campaign by linking economics with foreign affairs"
6. Clinton, 1996 - "Wrong/Wrong"
"One of the most straightforward and forceful embodiments of the uses of 'opposition research' "
7. Nixon, 1972 - "Not On Welfare"
"Part of the only campaign in the postwar years in which the Republicans were seen as the party better able to handle social welfare"
8. Eisenhower, 1952 - "I Like Ike"
"A catchy jingle, along with lyrics not totally absent of substance"
9. Bush, 1988 - "Dukakis Defense Policy"
"The footage was shot by the Democrats as part of their campaign, and then 'borrowed' by the Republicans"
9. Bush, 1992 - "The Two Clintons"
"This time it is the opposing candidate's voice that is borrowed for the tag line of this classic negative attack"
10. Reagan, 1984 - "Morning In America"
"Overwhelmingly positive, its main point is to claim credit for the economic recovery of the early 1980s"
10. Clinton, 1996 - "I Have Done My Best"
"Even more positive than the Reagan piece and wonderfully evocative"
Mars Inc. - "Snickers"
"Unfortunately, the finest campaign ad of the 2000 presidential campaign was on behalf of a candy bar"
Carter, 1980 - "Lonely Responsibility"
"Sitting presidents almost invariably do pieces on the fact that they, and they alone, have had the experience of actually holding office"
Bush, 1988 - "The Experience"
"This comes as close as an ad can possibly come to implying that its subject, the Vice President, is effectively a president running for re-election"
Kennedy, 1960 - "If You Give Me A Week"
"An attack piece intended to see that a vice president did not succeed his president"
Gephardt, 1988 - "Hyundai"
"The best piece in defense of protectionism in all of postwar campaigning"
Baker, 1980 - "Iran"
"A piece that showed a candidate tougher on the Iran hostage crisis than either of the eventual nominees"
Kennedy, 1960 - "New Leadership"
"Kennedy uses this one minute ad to define the often heard theme of 'getting the country moving again' "
Johnson, 1964 - "Storm"
"The main risk to Johnson's campaign was that voters would find the potential outcome so unproblematic that they actually stayed home"
Clinton, 1992 - "How Ya Doing'?"
"Clinton summed up his 'It's the economy, stupid' theme with this piece at the end of his campaign"